Santhal is one of the most abundantly found tribes in India. A majority of them inhabit West Bengal and Jharkhand. Santhals are known for their rich cultural lineage and immense solidarity. They are the worshipper of Thakurji, the deity who according to them is the creator of the universe. The members of Santhal tribe celebrate the glory of nature and offer prayers to Thakurji through the beats of music and a form of dance called Santhali dance. Dance and music are integrated in their workaday life and festivals such as Magha Parva, Dassai Parva, Baha Parva and Karma. This dance is primarily performed during special occasions, especially during Spring Festival. It is a typical group dance accompanied by the different kinds of drums, flute and jahl or kasa thal (large metallic cymbals). The dancers form a circle. Men and women dance in separate rows with interlocked arms and the performance involves many cluster formations. There are no open movements of the arms above the shoulder level and also no dips of knees or hops. The front torso is always kept in a bent position.
Santhal dance is considered one of the best tribal folk dances which offers tremendous vibrancy and cheerfulness. The main attraction of the dance are the colourful costumes worn by the performers. Male dancers wear dhoti and turban of vibrant colours and decorate themselves with branches of tree, bushes, flowers and leaves. Women wear yellow saree with red border, in a traditional fashion and adorn their hair and body with leaves and flowers. Ornaments include hansuli, nose ring, armlet and Dokra (a traditional jewellery symbolising craftsmanship). Themes of this performance often cover issues of gender and land rights. The themes also include celebration of the existential and instinctive self with the songs bearing a rustic flavour with a tint of eroticism.
The dance form tends to neutralise disparities among sexes and also symbolises unity among
people. Special instruments used for performing Santhali dance also has special significance. The drums used in this performance are known as Tamak or Tumdah that helps to gather attention. The flute used is called as Tirio which has seven holes and is viewed as a symbol of love and affection. Dhodro banam is a bowed instrument used in the dance which is carved out of a single log of wood and is believed to be grown out of human flesh. The Dhodro banam is believed to have a belly (lac) covered with an animal skin on which rests the bridge (sadam, lit, horse), an open chest (korom), a short neck (hotok) and a head (bohok). Head or Bohok is usually carved in the shape of human head, of a single person or a couple or group of human beings or animals. The tuning peg is inserted in the ear (lutur) of Bohok and gut strings comes out of mouth.
people. Special instruments used for performing Santhali dance also has special significance. The drums used in this performance are known as Tamak or Tumdah that helps to gather attention. The flute used is called as Tirio which has seven holes and is viewed as a symbol of love and affection. Dhodro banam is a bowed instrument used in the dance which is carved out of a single log of wood and is believed to be grown out of human flesh. The Dhodro banam is believed to have a belly (lac) covered with an animal skin on which rests the bridge (sadam, lit, horse), an open chest (korom), a short neck (hotok) and a head (bohok). Head or Bohok is usually carved in the shape of human head, of a single person or a couple or group of human beings or animals. The tuning peg is inserted in the ear (lutur) of Bohok and gut strings comes out of mouth.
Although, like other ethnic groups, the culture of Santhal people has been influenced by mainstream Indian culture but Santhali dance and music both retain their connection to traditional celebrations. The dance of this tribe not only divulge the culture and traditions of Santhals but also showcases the potency of harmony. Santhals are believed to be very close to nature so their dance form also expresses love and gratitude to nature.
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